HFpEF

Bernardo BC, Weeks KL, Pretorius L, McMullen JR:
Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: Experimental findings and therapeutic strategies.
Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 128:191-227.

Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM:
Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 355:251-259.

Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C, Sanderson JE, Rusconi C, Flachskampf FA, Rademakers FE, Marino P, Smiseth OA, De Keulenaer G, Leite-Moreira AF, Borbély A, Edes I, Handoko ML, Heymans S, Pezzali N, Pieske B, Dickstein K, Fraser AG, Brutsaert DL:
How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology.
European Heart Journal 2007; 28:2539-2550.

Paulus WJ and Tschöpe C:
A Novel Paradigm for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Comorbidities Drive Myocardial Dysfunction and Remodeling Through Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Inflammation.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013; 62: 263-271.

The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM): ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008.
European Heart Journal 2008; 29:2288-2442.

Wood P, Piran S, Liu PP:
Diastolic Heart Failure: Progress, Treatment Challenges, and Prevention.
Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2011; 27:302-310.

Yancy CW, Lopatin M, Stevenson LW, De Marco T, Fonarow GC; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators:
Clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved systolic function: a report from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) Database.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006; 47:76-84.

Selected relaxin publications

Almeida-Pinto N, Dschietzig TB, Brás-Silva C, Adão R:
Cardiovascular effects of relaxin-2: therapeutic potential and future perspectives.
Clinical Research in Cardiology 2023; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-023-02305-1

Bathgate RAD, Halls MI, van der Westhuizen ET, Callander GE, Kocan M, Summers RJ:
Relaxin family peptides and their receptors.
Physiol Rev 2013; 93: 405–480.

Brecht A, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K, Dschietzig TB:
Relaxin inhibits early steps in vascular inflammation.
Regul. Pept. 2011; 166:76-82.

Dschietzig TB, Richter C, Bartsch C, Laule M, Armbruster FP, Baumann G, Stangl K:
The pregnancy hormone relaxin is a player in human heart failure.
FASEB Journal 2001; 15:2187-2195.

Dschietzig TB, Richter C, Bartsch C, Böhme C, Heinze D, Ott F, Zartnack F, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Flow-induced pressure differentially regulates endothelin-1, urotensin II, adrenomedullin, and relaxin in pulmonary vascular endothelium.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001; 289:245-251.

Dschietzig TB and Stangl K:
Relaxin – a pregnancy hormone as central player of body fluid and circulation homeostasis (review).
Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2003; 60:688-700.

Dschietzig TB, Bartsch C, Richter C, Laule M, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Relaxin, a pregnancy hormone, is a functional endothelin-1 antagonist: attenuation of endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction by stimulation of endothelin type-B receptors via ERK-1/2 kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB.
Circ. Res. 2003; 92:32-40.

Dschietzig TB, Bartsch C, Stangl V, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Identification of the pregnancy hormone relaxin as glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
FASEB J. 2004; 18:1536-8.

Dschietzig TB, Bartsch C, Kinkel T, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Myocardial relaxin counteracts hypertrophy in hypertensive rats.
Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2005, 1041:441-443.

Dschietzig TB, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Relaxin – a pleiotropic hormone and its emerging role for experimental and clinical therapeutics.
Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2006; 112:38-56.

Dschietzig T, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K:
RXFP1-inactive relaxin activates human glucocorticoid receptor: Further investigations into the relaxin-GR pathway.
Regul Pept. 2009; 154(1-3):77-84.

Dschietzig TB, Teichman S, Unemori E, Wood S, Boehmer J, Richter C, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Intravenous recombinant human relaxin in compensated heart failure: a safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic trial.
Journal of Cardiac Failure 2009; 15:182-190.

Dschietzig TB, Bartsch C, Wessler S, Baumann G, Stangl K:
Autoregulation of human relaxin-2 critically involves relaxin and glucocorticoid receptor binding to glucocorticoid response half-sites in the relaxin-2 promoter.
Regul Pept. 2009; 155:163-173.

Dschietzig TB, Alexiou K, Kinkel HT, Baumann G, Matschke K, Stangl K:
The positive inotropic effect of relaxin-2 in human atrial myocardium is preserved in end-stage heart failure: role of Gi-phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling.
Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011; 17: 158-166.

Dschietzig TB, Brecht A, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K, Alexiou K:
Relaxin improves TNF-alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction: role of glucocorticoid receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling.
Cardiovascular Research 2012; 95: 97-107.

Dschietzig TB:
Relaxin-2 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): Rationale for future clinical trials.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2019; 487: 54-58

Du XJ, Samuel CS, Gao XM, Zhao L, Parry LJ, Tregear GW:
Increased myocardial collagen and ventricular diastolic dysfunction in relaxin deficient mice: a gender-specific phenotype.
Cardiovascular Research 2003; 57:395-404.

Du XJ, Bathgate RA, Samuel CS, Dart AM, Summers RJ:
Cardiovascular Effects of Relaxin: From Basic Science to Clinical Therapy.
Nature Reviews Cardiology 2010; 7:48-58.

Fülöp A, Armbruster FP, Grön HJ, Dschietzig TB, Diesner M:
Development of a LC-MS/MS Quantification Assay for Human Relaxin H2 and Extraction of Human Relaxin H1 and Relaxin H3.
Clinical Laboratory 2024; 70: 440-444

Halls ML, Hewitson TD, Moore XL, Du XJ, Bathgate RA, Summers RJ:
Relaxin activates multiple cAMP signaling pathway profiles in different target cells.
Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2009; 1160: 108-111.

Halls ML, Bathgate RA, Sutton SW, Dschietzig TB, Summers RJ:
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCV. Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Pharmacology and Biological Roles of Relaxin Family Peptide Receptors 1-4, the Receptors for Relaxin Family Peptides.
Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:389-440

Heeg MH, Koziolek MJ, Vasko R, Schaefer L, Sharma K, Müller GA, Strutz F:
The antifibrotic effects of relaxin in human renal fibroblasts are mediated in part by inhibition of the Smad2 pathway.
Kidney International 2005; 68:96-109.

Henry BL, Gabris B, Li Q, Martin B, Giannini M, Parikh A, Patel D, Haney J, Schwartzman DS, Shroff SG, Salama G:
Relaxin suppresses atrial fibrillation in aged rats by reversing fibrosis and upregulating Na+ channels.
Heart Rhythm 2016; 13: 983-991.

Kamat AA, Feng S, Bogatcheva NV, Truong A, Bishop CE, Agoulnik AI:
Genetic targeting of relaxin and insulin-like factor 3 receptors in mice.
Endocrinology 2004; 145:4712-4720.

Krajnc-Franken MA, van Disseldorp AJ, Koenders JE, Mosselman S, van Duin M, Gossen JA:
Impaired nipple development and parturition in LGR7 knockout mice.
Molecular and Cellular Biology 2004; 24:687-696.

Lekgabe ED, Kiriazis H, Zhao C, Xu Q, Moore XL, Su Y, Bathgate RA, Du XJ, Samuel CS:
Relaxin reverses cardiac and renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Hypertension 2005; 46:412-418.

Lekgabe ED, Royce SG, Hewitson TD, Tang ML, Zhao C, Moore XL, Tregear GW, Bathgate RA, Du XJ, Samuel CS:
The effects of relaxin and estrogen deficiency on collagen deposition and hypertrophy of nonreproductive organs.
Endocrinology 2006; 147:5575-5583.

Mookerjee I, Hewitson TD, Halls ML, Summers RJ, Mathai ML, Bathgate RA, Tregear GW, Samuel CS:
Relaxin inhibits renal myofibroblast differentiation via RXFP1, the nitric oxide pathway, and Smad2.
FASEB Journal 2009; 23:1219-1229.

Moore XL, Tan SL, Lo CY, Fang L, Su YD, Gao XM, Woodcock EA, Summers RJ, Tregear GW, Bathgate RA, Du XJ:
Relaxin antagonizes hypertrophy and apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
Endocrinology 2007; 148:1582-1589.

Parikh A, Patel D, McTiernan CF, Xiang W, Haney J, Yang L, Lin B, Kaplan AD, Bett GC, Rasmusson RL, Shroff SG, Schwartzman D, Salama G:
Relaxin suppresses atrial fibrillation by reversing fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy and increasing conduction velocity and sodium current in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts.
Circulation Research 2013; 113, 313-321.

Samuel CS, Zhao C, Bathgate RA, Bond CP, Burton MD, Parry LJ, Summers RJ, Tang ML, Amento EP, Tregear GW:
Relaxin deficiency in mice is associated with an age-related progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
FASEB Journal 2003; 17:121-123.

Samuel CS, Unemori EN, Mookerjee I, Bathgate RA, Layfield SL, Mak J, Tregear GW, Du XJ:
Relaxin modulates cardiac fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen production and reverses cardiac fibrosis in vivo.
Endocrinology 2004; 145:4125-4133.

Samuel CS, Hewitson TD, Zhang Y, Kelly DJ:
Relaxin ameliorates fibrosis in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Endocrinology 2008; 149:3286-3293.

Sarwar M, Du XJ, Dschietzig TB, Summers RJ:
The actions of relaxin on the human cardiovascular system.
Br J Pharmacol 2016; doi: 10.1111/bph.13523.

Zhao L, Roche PJ, Gunnersen JM, Hammond VE, Tregear GW, Wintour EM, Beck F:
Mice without a functional relaxin gene are unable to deliver milk to their pups.
Endocrinology 1999; 140:445-453.